风机消声器的设计及机理研究

随着人们生活水平的日益提高，噪声在人们的工作和生活中越来越受到关注。其中风机的噪声尤为突出，已经对人们产生了巨大的负面影响。怎样有效地降低风机的噪声具有重要意义和应用价值。
通过对风机噪声源进行分析，控制噪声最有效的措施就是在风机出口管安装消声器。比较现有消声材料的优缺点，本文提出了利用纳米碳酸钙基天然乳胶复合材料这一新型消声材料来提高风机消声器的性能。
本文首先以天然乳胶为基体，纳米碳酸钙粒子作为研究对象，制备不同纳米碳酸钙含量复合材料试样。对新型材料的力学性能和断口进行实验分析，选出性能最好的比例配置。实验结果表明，纳米碳酸钙含量为 10%时，复合材料取得抗拉强度和扯断伸长率的最好效果。
通过分析风机的主要噪声频率，在有限元理论和声波方程的基础上，来选择新型复合材料制成的不同消声结构，并分析了材料厚度、孔径大小和穿孔率对消声结构共振频率的影响。仿真结果显示，复合材料的厚度对其共振频率影响很大，随着厚度的增加，共振频率越高，最大位移越小。
最后通过声学实验验证了新型材料的降噪效果。结果显示，新型复合材料具有良好的消声降噪效果，具有良好的应用前景。
关键词：
风机，消声器，模态分析，复合材料，Ansys
Abstract
With people living standard is increasing,noise has more and more attention in the woke and life of people. Fan noise isespecial, it has caused tremendous negative impact to our life. So it is of great significant and social value to reduce the noise effectively.
By the analysis of fan noise source, themost effective way to control the noise is to install the fan muffler in theoutlet. Compared with the existing noise elimination aterial,this paper put forward enhance the performance of muffler by the new composite material of natural rubber latex and nano- CaCO3. This paper use natural rubber latex as the substrate material, preparation composite materials of different content of nano- CaCO3.By analysis of the mechanical property nd SEM of the composite material, choose the proportion of best performance. he results showed that when the content of nano- CaCO3 was 10%,the tensile strength and elongation at break are the best. Select different ilence structure by made of the new composite material by analyzing the main noise frequencies based on Finite Element Methodand acoustical equation. And analysis of the aterial thickness, pore size andperforation rate on the impact of resonance frequency of silence structure.Simulation results show that the thickness of the composite material greatly affect its resonant frequency, with increasing thickness, the higher the resonance frequency, the smaller the maximum displacement. Finally, experimental verification of acoustic noise reduction effect of the new material. The results show that the new composite material has goodoise reduction with a good prospect.
Keyword: Fan, Muffler, Modal Analysis, Composite Material, Ansys